Choice and self-determination : central lessons from American Indian education: Schools as ʺcivilizingʺ and homogenizing institutions ; Safety zone theory : explaining policy development over time ; Key terms and concepts ; Methodological and theoretical approaches --
The strengths of indigenous education : overturning myths about Indian learners: Indigenous education versus American schooling ; How
What is education? ; Native voices teach lessons of shared humanity ; Indigenous knowledge guides human societies ; Carefully designed educational systems ; Language-rich contexts for education ; Learning by doing ; A return to choice and local control --
Womenʼs arts and childrenʼs songs : domesticating Indian culture, 1900-1928: Indians as children : ʺinsensible wardsʺ ; Boarding schools versus day schools ; A political economy of school practices : the ʺdignity of laborʺ ; Jobs not available outside the schools ; Race and the safety zone : finding the right level ; A place for Native songs : ʺinnocent in themselvesʺ ; A place for Native womenʼs arts : ʺmost attractive jardinieresʺ ; Attempts to domesticate difference ; An unprecedented possibility : ʺto remain an Indianʺ ; Conclusion --
How to ʺremain an Indianʺ? : power struggles in the safety zone, 1928-1940: The ʺnewʺ vocational education ; Indian history and lore courses ; Native teachers in the federal schools ; The revival of arts and crafts instruction ; The keystone of control : reforms versus business as usual ; Conclusion --
Control of culture : federally produced bilingual materials, 1936-1954: Willard Walcott Beatty and Ann Nolan Clark ; Pueblo life readers ; Sioux life readers ; Navajo life readers ; Native translators and interpreters ; Legacies of the first translators ; New developments in bilingual materials --
Indigenous bilingual/bicultural education : challenging the safety zone: Seeds of transformation ; A ʺwindow of opportunityʺ ; The rise of indigenous community-controlled schools ; Taking up the challenge : ʺWhy Not?ʺ ; Lessons learned ; Confounding federal forces --
ʺThe new American revolutionʺ : indigenous language survival and linguistic human rights: Indigenous languages in and outside the safety zone ; Hawaiian immersion : ʺI think they thought weʼd give upʺ ; Navajo immersion : ʺbucking the tideʺ ; Keres immersion : ʺthe community must defend their rightsʺ ; Native youth language attitudes and ideologies ; Creating new indigenous-language safety zones --
Testing tribal sovereignty : self-determination and high-stakes tests: Race and intelligence testing in American education ; The present standards movement ; Consequences of the standards movement for indigenous students and schools ; The larger context : standards and dangerous diversity;- Reasserting local control : a Native charter school example ; Accountable to whom? : Alaska Native standards for culturally responsive and responsible schooling ; Concluding thoughts : beyond the safe versus dangerous divide --
Coda : Consummating the Democratic ideal: A vision of the future.